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Adverb Clauses

क्रिया-विशेषण उपवाक्य

What is an Adverb Clause? | क्रिया-विशेषण उपवाक्य क्या है?

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. It tells us when, where, why, how, or under what conditions something happens.

क्रिया-विशेषण उपवाक्य एक आश्रित उपवाक्य है जो क्रिया, विशेषण या क्रिया-विशेषण को संशोधित करता है।

Types of Adverb Clauses | प्रकार

1. Time (समय) - when, while, before, after, since, until

I will call you when I reach home.
जब मैं घर पहुंचूंगा तो मैं आपको फोन करूंगा।

After he finished his work, he went out.
अपना काम खत्म करने के बाद वह बाहर चला गया।

2. Place (स्थान) - where, wherever

She goes wherever her job takes her.
वह जहां भी उसकी नौकरी उसे ले जाती है, वहां जाती है।

3. Reason (कारण) - because, since, as

He stayed home because he was sick.
वह घर पर रहा क्योंकि वह बीमार था।

Since it was raining, we cancelled the trip.
चूंकि बारिश हो रही थी, इसलिए हमने यात्रा रद्द कर दी।

4. Purpose (उद्देश्य) - so that, in order that

I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
मैं कड़ी मेहनत करता हूं ताकि परीक्षा में पास हो सकूं।

5. Condition (शर्त) - if, unless, provided that

If it rains, we will stay inside.
अगर बारिश हुई तो हम अंदर रहेंगे।

You cannot succeed unless you work hard.
जब तक आप कड़ी मेहनत नहीं करेंगे तब तक सफल नहीं हो सकते।

6. Manner (तरीका) - as, as if, as though

Do as I say.
जैसा मैं कहता हूं वैसा करो।

He behaves as if he knows everything.
वह ऐसे व्यवहार करता है जैसे वह सब कुछ जानता हो।

7. Comparison (तुलना) - than, as...as

She is taller than I am.
वह मुझसे लंबी है।

✍️ Practice Exercise | अभ्यास

Identify the type of adverb clause:

I will help you if you ask me.
She left early because she was tired.
Wait here until I return.
He speaks as if he is the boss.
Go wherever you want.

Click for Answers

Condition (शर्त)
Reason (कारण)
Time (समय)
Manner (तरीका)
Place (स्थान)

⚠️ Common Mistakes | सामान्य गलतियाँ

Comma Usage:
✓ When it rains, we stay inside. (comma after introductory clause)
✓ We stay inside when it rains. (no comma)
शुरुआत में उपवाक्य हो तो comma लगाएं
Using 'Because' vs 'Because of':
✓ He stayed home because he was sick. (+ clause)
✓ He stayed home because of his illness. (+ noun)
'because' के बाद उपवाक्य, 'because of' के बाद संज्ञा

🔄 Concession Clauses (विरोध/रियायत)

Show contrast between expected and actual results | अपेक्षित और वास्तविक परिणाम के बीच अंतर दर्शाते हैं

Although/Though/Even though he is rich, he is unhappy.
हालांकि वह अमीर है, वह दुखी है।

She passed the exam even though she didn't study much.
उसने परीक्षा पास कर ली हालांकि उसने ज्यादा पढ़ाई नहीं की।

While/Whereas he loves cricket, his brother prefers football.
जहां वह क्रिकेट पसंद करता है, वहीं उसका भाई फुटबॉल पसंद करता है।

📚 Complete List of Conjunctions | संयोजकों की पूरी सूची

Type	Conjunctions	Example
Time	when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as, whenever	Call me as soon as you arrive.
Place	where, wherever	Plant trees wherever there is space.
Reason	because, since, as	We cancelled as it was raining.
Purpose	so that, in order that, lest	Study hard so that you may succeed.
Condition	if, unless, provided that, in case	Unless you work, you'll fail.
Concession	though, although, even though, while, whereas	Although tired, he continued working.
Manner	as, as if, as though, the way	Do it the way I showed you.

✍️ Advanced Practice | उच्च स्तरीय अभ्यास

Exercise 1: Choose the correct conjunction:

_______ (Because/Although) he is young, he is very mature.
I will wait here _______ (until/unless) you return.
_______ (If/Unless) you don't study, you will fail.
She speaks _______ (as if/even if) she knows everything.
I called you _______ (so that/because) you should know the news.

Show Answers

Although - shows contrast (young but mature)
until - indicates time limit
If - 'unless' would need positive verb (unless you study)
as if - shows manner/comparison
so that - shows purpose